IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin-like growth factor 1 type) or somatomedin C (since it mediates the action of somatotropin) is a growth factor, a peptide hormone similar to insulin that has an anabolic effect on tissues and promotes growth organism. IGF-1 is produced primarily in the liver as a consequence of GH-induced stimulation. When […]
WAX (methoxypolyethylene glycol-epoetin beta) is an erythropoietin continuous receptor activator (erythropoietin continuous receptor activator). This substance consists of a number of methoxypolyethylene glycol polymers integrated into the EPO molecule and linked mainly by amide bonds. This compound has a longer half-life (about 130 hours) both when administered intravenously and subcutaneously. In addition, compared to epoetin, […]
Cocaine is a alkaloid extracted from the South American coca plant . Cocaine is a stimulant of the nervous system, this substance increases the feeling of wakefulness, suppresses sleep and appetite, improves mood and increases resistance to fatigue, improving physical performance even in athletes, especially in endurance sports. In large doses, it leads to tremors, […]
Phenylephrine is an α1-adrenergic receptor agonist, used primarily as a decongestant, as a pupillary dilator and to increase blood pressure, with very little effect on the central nervous system. This active ingredient is widely used for topical application in eye drops and nasal sprays, and is also present in many over-the-counter medications. Phenylpropanolamine Phenylpropanolamine is […]
By the abbreviation NSAID, we mean a set of substances with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects with a non-steroidal molecular structure. These substances compete with arachidonic acid to bind cyclooxygenase (COX), an enzyme responsible for the first step in the production of numerous molecules involved in the inflammatory process (inflammation). The so-called arachidonic acid cascade […]
Cannabinoids are psychoactive substances produced by various plants, in particular from cannabis sativa, known for its recreational use. Cannabis contains hundreds of chemicals, of which about sixty are classified as cannabinoids. Chemically, icannabinoids are terpenoids , that is, non-polar molecules capable of interacting with specific receptors present in various regions of the brain. Therefore, cannabinoids […]
Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used to treat hypertension, edema, heart failure, and glaucoma. Because carbon dioxide plays a key role in acid-base regulation mechanisms, this class of diuretics is the only one that can affect lung function. Acetazolamide has been shown to interfere with the elimination of carbon dioxide during exercise and also […]
Methenolone is a steroid used to treat osteoporosis, anemia and catabolic conditions, known as Primobolan. This substance is a DHT derivative capable of firmly binding the androgen receptor, does not convert to estrogen, therefore it does not give gynecomastia, water retention and suppresses the HPTA axis to a limited extent. This steroid has an A: […]
Oxylophrine is a sympathomimetic used to treat hypotensive conditions, with actions similar to those of ephedrine. This substance promotes the release of norepinephrine and, therefore, has indirect noradrenergic activity. Its main activity is at the level of the heart, where it has a positive inotropic and chronotropic effect (increases the heart rate and cardiac output). […]
Nitric oxide: what it is, how it is produced and physiological functions Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical nitrogen capable of oxidizing or reducing compounds with which it comes into contact. It is a powerful vasodilator commonly used in the inflammatory process against pathogens, viruses and cancer cells. It is a gas formed by […]
